Отправлено: 06.03.15 21:42. Заголовок: Лена М. пишет: Каки..

Лена М. пишет:

цитата:

Какие работы им НЕ учтены?

Почему-то нет ссылок вот на эту публикацию:

Тянина Е. А. Амулеты средневекового Новгорода из зубов и костей животных // Археологические вести. — Т. 17, c. 159–168. — Санкт-Петербург, 2011.

Я сначала подумал, что Мусин закончил свою статью раньше, но оказалось, что в библиографии есть ссылки на опубликованное в 2011-2012 гг.:

цитата:

Tolochko О. 2011. ‘Varangian Christianity’ in Tenth-century Rus // Garipzanov I., Tolochko O. (eds.). Early Christianity on the way from the Varangians to the Greeks. Ruthenica: Supplementum. 4. Киев: ИИ НАНУ, 58–69. Дорофеева Т. С. 2011б. Скандинавская погремушка Х в. с. Городища под Новгоро- дом // ННЗ 25, 187–193. Дорофеева Т. С. 2012. Новые находки кресаловидных подвесок на Новгородском (Рюриковом) Городище // ННЗ 26, в печати. Пушкина Т. А. 2011. Подвески-амулеты с изображением Одина // Мельникова Е. А. и др. (ред.). Висы дружбы. М.: Ун-т Дм. Пожарского, 368–372. Радтке Х. 2012. «Шлезвигский муж» — «домовой» из Новгорода? // РА 1, 142–148.

Судя по аннотации, к теме статья имеет самое прямое отношение:

цитата:

E. A. Tyanina. Amulets Made from Animal Teeth and Bones in Mediaeval Novgorod Talismans made from teeth or claws of animals are one of the most ancient types of personal amulets. Their appearance is commonly linked with totemism. However, the use of that category of amulets long outlived the primeval social order and the forms of its Weltanschauung. This fact is suggested by numerous finds from the cultural levels of mediaeval sites. Amulets of the type in question are found among the Novgorod archaeological materials from all districts of the mediaeval city. Their greatest numbers have been reported from the Lyudin End (Troitsky Excavation). They are dated to all chronological phases from the second half of the 10th to the second half of the 15th century. However, the chronological curve of their distribution tends to decrease from the earliest layers to the later ones as is characteristic for the majority of other objects linked with the heathen cult. Practically all of the amulets have suspension holes for wearing, suggesting their belonging to personal apotropaioi. In the Novgorod cultural layer, amulets made from teeth and bones of only six animal species are found. These are wild boar, bear, beaver, wolf, horse and fox. The predominant numbers of the amulets were made from fangs, the incisors being more uncommon, while molars or claws are rare specimens. Beaver and horse are represented exclusively by amulets made from foot bones. Among the most popular were amulets made from fangs of boar and bear, their quantity amounting to about two thirds of all the amulets unearthed. The species of fauna from teeth and bones of which the amulets were made suggest that the mediaeval Novgorodians even in the Christian times, as like as in the pagan period, had not forgotten the semantics of these objects. All animal species mentioned are well represented in the folklore, popular medicine and ethnography of the East Slavs. Moreover, the cult of some animals (bear, wolf, horse) was within the system of mythological notions of the Slavs and was linked with some or other pagan deities. The semantics of the amulets may have been influenced by the pre-Christian mythology of neighbouring peoples. Indeed, the peak of distribution of amulets made from wild boar fangs coincides with the period of the most intensive contacts of Novgorod with the Scandinavians among whom the cult of this animal was very widespread. The bones and teeth of different animals may have differed both in semantic terms and in their magic application. The fangs of animals must be attributed to the category of talismans of repelling-striking magic. Moreover, fangs of boars and bears may have had also an additional beneficial function since these animals in the heathen notions were linked with richness and fertility. Exclusively good-wishing function belonged to amulets made from bones of horse and beaver. The composition, distribution and semantics of amulets made from teeth and bones of animals in mediaeval Novgorod suggest that these objects were no remnants of totemism, the notions of which having been already lost. Seemingly we are dealing with a reinter-pretation of an ancient tradition that had been an indispensable part of the heathen mediaeval culture. The use of this category of amulets continued also to the Christian times and their final disappearance from the urban culture of Novgorod took place only in the late Middle Ages.

Если заглянуть в сборник Colloquia Russica, Seria I, tom 3, (2013), то там Елена Тянина в докладе "Элементы языческой культуры в Новгороде во второй
половине XIII–XIV вв. (по археологическим данным)" пишет вот что:

цитата:

Для данного периода также отмечается спад интереса к амулетам из клыков зверей. Комплекс новгородских языческих предметов XIII–XIV вв. не позволяет сделать выводы об утрате представлений о семантике предметов языческого культа под влиянием христианизации. Скорее следует говорить о трансформации языческих традиций, приведшей к постепенной утрате одних представлений, переосмыслению других, а также к восприятию внешних культурных влияний, отвечающих новгородским традициям.

О тех же самых амулетах.